Law of Evidence

1. An ordinary document shall be deemed drafted by the person who signed it and shall have probative force against him, unless he explicitly denies the handwriting, signature, seal, or fingerprint attributed to him or unless his Law of Evidence successor explicitly denies the same or claims ignorance of the handwriting, signature, seal, or fingerprint of the person from whom he received the right. 2. A person against whom an ordinary document is used and who discusses its substance before the court may not deny its validity thereafter nor claim ignorance of its issuance by the person from whom he received the right.