Law of Evidence

1. Official and ordinary documents may be contested for forgery, whereas only ordinary documents may be contested for the authenticity of their writing, seal, signature, or fingerprint. Law of Evidence 2. A litigant who claims forgery shall bear the burden of proof. If a litigant denies that he issued the ordinary document or if his successor or agent denies the same or claims ignorance thereof, the adverse litigant shall have the burden of proving that the litigant or his predecessor issued the same. 3. If a litigant admits the authenticity of a seal used on an ordinary document but denies having used the seal thereon, he shall contest the document in question on grounds of forgery. Section 2: Contesting the Authenticity of the Handwriting, Signature, Seal, or Fingerprint, and Verification of Handwriting