Law of Evidence

1. Prior to providing testimony, a witness must disclose any relationship he has with the parties to the case or any interest he has therein. 2. A testimony shall not be heard from a person who may avoid damage or gain interest from such testimony; from an ascendant for his descendants; from a descendant for his ascendants; from a spouse for the other spouse, even after dissolution of marriage; or from a guardian or trustee for those under his guardianship or trust. 3. Employees and those assigned to public service may not, even after leaving service, provide testimony if said testimony includes confidential information to which they become privy during the course of their service, unless such information is declassified or unless the relevant agency permits its use in testimony upon the request of the court or the request of a litigant. Chapter 3: Procedures for Proof by Testimony